###############################################################################
# The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems Integrated Platform
# Framework (IDAES IP) was produced under the DOE Institute for the
# Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES).
#
# Copyright (c) 2018-2023 by the software owners: The Regents of the
# University of California, through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
# National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, Carnegie Mellon
# University, West Virginia University Research Corporation, et al.
# All rights reserved. Please see the files COPYRIGHT.md and LICENSE.md
# for full copyright and license information.
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Supercritical CO2 Property Surrogate with OMLT Surrogate Object - flowsheet_optimization (Part 3)#
Maintainer: Javal Vyas
Author: Javal Vyas
Updated: 2024-01-24
With the surrogate model being embedded in the property package, it is ready to be used in the flowsheet. We start by creating the following flowsheet using the IDAES package.
from IPython.display import Image
from pathlib import Path
def datafile_path(name):
return Path("..") / name
Image(datafile_path("CO2_flowsheet.png"))
1. Importing libraries#
We will be using the unit models from the IDAES package along with components from pyomo.environ and pyomo.network.
from pyomo.environ import (ConcreteModel,
Block,
Var,
Param,
Constraint,
SolverFactory,
TransformationFactory, TerminationCondition,
value, Expression, minimize, units)
from pyomo.network import Arc, SequentialDecomposition
# Import IDAES libraries
from idaes.core import FlowsheetBlock, UnitModelBlockData
from idaes.models.unit_models import (Mixer, MomentumMixingType,
PressureChanger, Heater,
Separator, HeatExchanger)
from idaes.models.unit_models.pressure_changer import ThermodynamicAssumption
from idaes.core.util.model_statistics import degrees_of_freedom
from idaes.core.util.initialization import propagate_state
from properties import SCO2ParameterBlock
import idaes.logger as idaeslog
_log = idaeslog.getModelLogger("my_model", level=idaeslog.DEBUG, tag="model")
WARNING: DEPRECATED: Declaring class 'OmltBlockData' derived from
'_BlockData'. The class '_BlockData' has been renamed to 'BlockData'.
(deprecated in 6.7.2.dev0) (called from
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-
examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/omlt/block.py:33)
2024-05-09 18:37:33.347547: I tensorflow/tsl/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:28] Could not find cuda drivers on your machine, GPU will not be used.
2024-05-09 18:37:33.397856: I tensorflow/tsl/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:28] Could not find cuda drivers on your machine, GPU will not be used.
2024-05-09 18:37:33.398822: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical operations.
To enable the following instructions: AVX2 AVX512F FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.
2024-05-09 18:37:34.393728: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
2. Constructing the flowsheet#
To construct the flowsheet we need to define a ConcreteModel using pyomo and then add a FlowsheetBlock to the ConcreteModel. Here since we are focusing on the steady state process, we shall have the dynamic flag as False in the FlowsheetBlock. Next, we define the properties in the FlowsheetBlock that we imported from the properties.py file. Then start adding the unit models to the FlowsheetBlock with the suitable arguments, after which we connect them using Arcs as in the flowsheet above.
Once we have the connected flowsheet, we initialize individual unit models. Before initializing, we fix desired variables for the desired behavior of the unit model and then use propagate_state to pass on the state variables to next unit model in the flowsheet. After completely initializing the flowsheet, we convert the network to a mathematical form by using network.expand_arcs from the TransformationFactory and apply it on the flowsheet block. Then we call the solver and solve the flowsheet to calculate the total work in the process.
def main():
# Setup solver and options
solver = SolverFactory('ipopt')
outlvl = 0
tee = True
# Set up concrete model
m = ConcreteModel()
# Create a flowsheet block
m.fs = FlowsheetBlock(dynamic=False)
# Create the properties param block
m.fs.properties = SCO2ParameterBlock()
# Add unit models to the flowsheet
m.fs.boiler = Heater(dynamic=False,property_package= m.fs.properties,has_pressure_change=True)
m.fs.turbine = PressureChanger(dynamic=False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
compressor=False,
thermodynamic_assumption=ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell = Heater(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change= True)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube = Heater(dynamic=False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change= True)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell = Heater(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change=True)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube = Heater(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change=True)
m.fs.splitter_1 = Separator(property_package= m.fs.properties,
outlet_list= ["bypass", "to_cooler"])
m.fs.co2_cooler = Heater(dynamic= False,
property_package=m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change= True)
m.fs.main_compressor = PressureChanger(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
compressor= True,
thermodynamic_assumption= ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic)
m.fs.bypass_compressor = PressureChanger(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
compressor= True,
thermodynamic_assumption= ThermodynamicAssumption.isentropic)
m.fs.splitter_2 = Separator(property_package= m.fs.properties,
ideal_separation= False,
outlet_list= ["to_FG_cooler",
"to_LTR"])
m.fs.FG_cooler = Heater(dynamic= False,
property_package= m.fs.properties,
has_pressure_change= True)
m.fs.mixer = Mixer(property_package= m.fs.properties,
inlet_list=["FG_out", "LTR_out", "bypass"])
# # Connect the flowsheet
m.fs.s01 = Arc(source=m.fs.boiler.outlet,
destination=m.fs.turbine.inlet)
m.fs.s02 = Arc(source=m.fs.turbine.outlet,
destination=m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.inlet)
m.fs.s03 = Arc(source=m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.outlet,
destination=m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.inlet)
m.fs.s04 = Arc(source=m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.outlet,
destination=m.fs.splitter_1.inlet)
m.fs.s05 = Arc(source=m.fs.splitter_1.to_cooler,
destination=m.fs.co2_cooler.inlet)
m.fs.s06 = Arc(source=m.fs.splitter_1.bypass,
destination=m.fs.bypass_compressor.inlet)
m.fs.s07 = Arc(source=m.fs.co2_cooler.outlet,
destination=m.fs.main_compressor.inlet)
m.fs.s08 = Arc(source=m.fs.bypass_compressor.outlet,
destination=m.fs.mixer.bypass)
m.fs.s09 = Arc(source=m.fs.main_compressor.outlet,
destination=m.fs.splitter_2.inlet)
m.fs.s10 = Arc(source=m.fs.splitter_2.to_FG_cooler,
destination=m.fs.FG_cooler.inlet)
m.fs.s11 = Arc(source=m.fs.splitter_2.to_LTR,
destination=m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.inlet)
m.fs.s12 = Arc(source=m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.outlet,
destination=m.fs.mixer.LTR_out)
m.fs.s13 = Arc(source=m.fs.FG_cooler.outlet,
destination=m.fs.mixer.FG_out)
m.fs.s14 = Arc(source=m.fs.mixer.outlet,
destination=m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.inlet)
# initialize twice if needed
def init_once_or_twice(blk, outlvl=0):
try:
blk.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
except:
blk.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
# NETL Baseline
m.fs.boiler.inlet.flow_mol.fix(121.1)
m.fs.boiler.inlet.temperature.fix(685.15)
m.fs.boiler.inlet.pressure.fix(34.51)
m.fs.boiler.outlet.temperature.fix(893.15) # Turbine inlet T = 620 C
m.fs.boiler.deltaP.fix(-0.21)
init_once_or_twice(m.fs.boiler)
propagate_state(m.fs.s01)
m.fs.turbine.ratioP.fix(1/3.68)
m.fs.turbine.efficiency_isentropic.fix(0.927)
m.fs.turbine.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s02)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.outlet.temperature.fix(489.15)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.deltaP.fix(-0.07)
init_once_or_twice(m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell)
propagate_state(m.fs.s03)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.outlet.temperature.fix(354.15)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.deltaP.fix(-0.07)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s04)
m.fs.splitter_1.split_fraction[0, "bypass"].fix(0.25)
m.fs.splitter_1.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s05)
m.fs.co2_cooler.outlet.temperature.fix(308.15)
m.fs.co2_cooler.deltaP.fix(-0.07)
m.fs.co2_cooler.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s06)
m.fs.bypass_compressor.efficiency_isentropic.fix(0.85)
m.fs.bypass_compressor.ratioP.fix(3.8)
m.fs.bypass_compressor.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s07)
m.fs.main_compressor.efficiency_isentropic.fix(0.85)
m.fs.main_compressor.ratioP.fix(3.8)
m.fs.main_compressor.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s09)
m.fs.splitter_2.split_fraction[0, "to_FG_cooler"].fix(0.046)
m.fs.splitter_2.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s10)
m.fs.FG_cooler.outlet.temperature.fix(483.15)
m.fs.FG_cooler.deltaP.fix(-0.06)
m.fs.FG_cooler.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s11)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.deltaP.fix(0)
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0].\
fix(-value(m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.heat_duty[0]))
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
# Add constraint heats of the LTR_pseudo shell and tube
m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0].unfix()
m.fs.c1 = Constraint(expr=m.fs.LTR_pseudo_shell.heat_duty[0] ==
-m.fs.LTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0])
propagate_state(m.fs.s08)
propagate_state(m.fs.s12)
propagate_state(m.fs.s13)
m.fs.mixer.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
propagate_state(m.fs.s14)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0].\
fix(-value(m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.heat_duty[0]))
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.deltaP.fix(-0.07)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0].unfix()
m.fs.c2 = Constraint(expr=m.fs.HTR_pseudo_shell.heat_duty[0] ==
-m.fs.HTR_pseudo_tube.heat_duty[0])
TransformationFactory("network.expand_arcs").apply_to(m.fs)
print("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
print("The degrees of freedom for the flowsheet is ", degrees_of_freedom(m))
print("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
solver.solve(m, tee=tee)
#
from idaes.core.util.units_of_measurement import convert_quantity_to_reporting_units,report_quantity
# Print reports
for i in m.fs.component_objects(Block):
if isinstance(i, UnitModelBlockData):
i.report()
# Converting units for readability
print(-1*value(units.convert(m.fs.turbine.work_mechanical[0],units.kW))\
-1*value(units.convert(m.fs.main_compressor.work_mechanical[0],units.kW))\
-1*value(units.convert(m.fs.bypass_compressor.work_mechanical[0],units.kW)),units.kW)
return m
if __name__ == "__main__":
m = main()
2024-05-09 18:37:47 [INFO] idaes.init.fs.boiler.control_volume: Initialization Complete
2024-05-09 18:37:47 [INFO] idaes.init.fs.boiler.control_volume: Initialization Complete
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ApplicationError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[4], line 103, in main.<locals>.init_once_or_twice(blk, outlvl)
102 try:
--> 103 blk.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
104 except:
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/idaes/core/base/unit_model.py:540, in UnitModelBlockData.initialize(blk, *args, **kwargs)
539 # Remember to collect flags for fixed vars
--> 540 flags = blk.initialize_build(*args, **kwargs)
542 # If costing block exists, activate and initialize
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/idaes/core/base/unit_model.py:601, in UnitModelBlockData.initialize_build(blk, state_args, outlvl, solver, optarg)
600 with idaeslog.solver_log(solve_log, idaeslog.DEBUG) as slc:
--> 601 results = opt.solve(blk, tee=slc.tee)
603 init_log.info_high(
604 "Initialization Step 2 {}.".format(idaeslog.condition(results))
605 )
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyomo/opt/base/solvers.py:534, in OptSolver.solve(self, *args, **kwds)
532 """Solve the problem"""
--> 534 self.available(exception_flag=True)
535 #
536 # If the inputs are models, then validate that they have been
537 # constructed! Collect suffix names to try and import from solution.
538 #
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyomo/opt/solver/shellcmd.py:140, in SystemCallSolver.available(self, exception_flag)
139 msg = "No executable found for solver '%s'"
--> 140 raise ApplicationError(msg % self.name)
141 return False
ApplicationError: No executable found for solver 'ipopt'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
ApplicationError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[4], line 220
217 return m
219 if __name__ == "__main__":
--> 220 m = main()
Cell In[4], line 115, in main()
112 m.fs.boiler.outlet.temperature.fix(893.15) # Turbine inlet T = 620 C
113 m.fs.boiler.deltaP.fix(-0.21)
--> 115 init_once_or_twice(m.fs.boiler)
117 propagate_state(m.fs.s01)
119 m.fs.turbine.ratioP.fix(1/3.68)
Cell In[4], line 105, in main.<locals>.init_once_or_twice(blk, outlvl)
103 blk.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
104 except:
--> 105 blk.initialize(outlvl=outlvl)
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/idaes/core/base/unit_model.py:540, in UnitModelBlockData.initialize(blk, *args, **kwargs)
537 c.deactivate()
539 # Remember to collect flags for fixed vars
--> 540 flags = blk.initialize_build(*args, **kwargs)
542 # If costing block exists, activate and initialize
543 for c in init_order:
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/idaes/core/base/unit_model.py:601, in UnitModelBlockData.initialize_build(blk, state_args, outlvl, solver, optarg)
598 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
599 # Solve unit
600 with idaeslog.solver_log(solve_log, idaeslog.DEBUG) as slc:
--> 601 results = opt.solve(blk, tee=slc.tee)
603 init_log.info_high(
604 "Initialization Step 2 {}.".format(idaeslog.condition(results))
605 )
607 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
608 # Release Inlet state
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyomo/opt/base/solvers.py:534, in OptSolver.solve(self, *args, **kwds)
531 def solve(self, *args, **kwds):
532 """Solve the problem"""
--> 534 self.available(exception_flag=True)
535 #
536 # If the inputs are models, then validate that they have been
537 # constructed! Collect suffix names to try and import from solution.
538 #
539 from pyomo.core.base.block import BlockData
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/idaes-examples/envs/latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyomo/opt/solver/shellcmd.py:140, in SystemCallSolver.available(self, exception_flag)
138 if exception_flag:
139 msg = "No executable found for solver '%s'"
--> 140 raise ApplicationError(msg % self.name)
141 return False
142 return True
ApplicationError: No executable found for solver 'ipopt'